Conformational Disease From Biochemical †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Conformational Disease From Biochemical? Answer: Introducation Phosphoglycerate kinase insufficiency is an acquired metabolic issue that once in a while happens in people, set apart by the lack of the catalyst phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK). It is a gathering of metabolic muscle maladies meddling with the starch digestion inside the body, and inevitably the creation of vitality for typical body working. The chemical is responsible for separating of glycogen atom inside the body. PGK is a significant compound engaged with the glycolytic pathway that does the catalysis of the transformation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate into brain research cerate and age ATP. PGK is in rivalry with the catalyst diphosphoglycerate mutase (DPGM) for the substrate 1,3 DPG in the response. The option steering of glycolytic intermediates is known as the vitality grip of glycolysis. At the point when glycolysis happens, the basic sugar atoms are separated to offer ascent to vitality as ATP. It is to be noticed that the protein is omnipresent as its appearance is found in all tissues except for testicles. The lack is an intrinsic mistake that is acquired in a X-connected way. The quality whose change prompts this insufficiency is Xq13, present on the X chromosome. Various changes have been distinguished however the variables for clinical appearances are as yet obscure (1). Transformations occurring in the PGK1 quality prompts a decrease of the action of phosphoglycerate kinase, accordingly disturbing the creation of vitality. Th extreme outcome is cell demise or cell harm. There is little data on the explanations behind this variation from the norm to specially affect synapses in certain individuals and red platelets in others. Manifestations of this issue incorporate haemolytic iron deficiency that is lower levels of circling red platelets, the weakened state of discourse and composing, debilitated state of scholarly capacity, agony and firmness because of activity, spleen amplification and hemiplegia or loss of motion of the body on one side (2). Research Present research on phosphoglycerate kinase insufficiency is going on over the globe with a unique spotlight on the development of a superior conclusion strategy that would allow beginning time ID of in danger people. Creature models are being built up that would help in understanding the infection in a superior way. Improvement of quality treatments and protein substitution treatments are additionally on the ist of targets for additional examination (3). Analysis The three essential highlights of phosphoglycerate kinase inadequacy are a scholarly inability, hemolytic pallor and muscle issues. An individual experiencing this ailment may be influenced by more than one of the referenced attributes; be that as it may, all the three signs are uncommon to be available in one person. It is to be noticed that the vast majority of the patients enduring this condition are influenced to a moderate level. The confusion is totally communicated in guys just while heterozygous females experience the ill effects of mellow haemolytic sickliness without any indications of scholarly handicap or myopathy. Myopathy alongside muscle plain, issues and firmness are shown in youthful male and young people. Myoglobinuria is found in instances of extreme scenes (4). The conclusion is done dependent on physical assessment, and research center outcomes affirm the equivalent. Biochemical examinations include a sign of low muscle PGK compound action and low erythrocyte (be neath 25% and 23% individually). The differential conclusion must incorporate other causative components for innate nonspherocytic hemolytic pallor. Atomic pre-birth determination is normally accomplished for a record case. Business of the sickness is conceivable during childbirth if enzymatic testing is completed. Treatment Treatment of PGK lack normally mulls over iron enhancements along with blood transfusions relying upon the seriousness of the patient condition. A splenectomy is a possibility for patients who have expansion of the spleen, and this strategy has been end up being viable for certain cases. It is significant that an individual maintains a strategic distance from exhausting activity when there means that muscle breakdown and under such conditions, uncommon consideration is required to be taken. The neurologic emergency requests total rest with the goal that perilous circumstances don't emerge. When there is serious neurological disintegration, bone marrow transplant is an alternative (5). Hereditary guiding has been shown to give a few advantages for the patients just as their families. Other treatment choices are strong (6). Strategy The Australian Research Council has continually been supporting the exploration on various huge subjects according to digestion, which incorporates PGK lack. According to the Australian Research Council (ARC) Medical Research Policy subsidizing is being distributed for future research. This subsidizing is either legitimately or in a joint effort with the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). The arrangement expects research to be done on parts of helpful methodologies and bioengineering, which are fundamental parts of PGK insufficiency look into (7). References Tamai M, Kawano T, Saito R, Sakurai K, Saito Y, Yamada H et al. Phosphoglycerate kinase insufficiency because of a novel change (c. 1180AG) showing as ceaseless hemolytic frailty in a Japanese kid. Universal Journal of Hematology. 2014;100(4):accounting. Chiarelli L, Morera S, Bianchi P, Fermo E, Zanella A, Galizzi An et al. Sub-atomic Insights on Pathogenic Effects of Mutations Causing Phosphoglycerate Kinase Deficiency. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(2):e32065. Lopez-Manzaneda S, Torres R, Olivier E, Garcia-Torralba A, Sanchez-Dominguez R, Alberquilla O, Mountford J, Ramirez JC, Bueren JA, Segovia JC. Displaying pyruvate kinase insufficiency in human forebears utilizing crispr/cas9. Haematologica 2017 Jun 26;102: 446-446. Pey AL, Maggi M, Valentini G. Experiences into human phosphoglycerate kinase 1 lack as a conformational ailment from biochemical, biophysical, and in vitro articulation examinations. Diary of acquired metabolic illness. 2014 Nov 1;37(6):909-16. Garcia-Gomez M, Calabria A, Garcia-Bravo M, Benedicenti F, Kosinski P, Lpez-Manzaneda S, Hill C, del Mar Mau-Pereira M, Martn MA, Orman I, Vives-Corrons JL. Sheltered and effective quality treatment for pyruvate kinase inadequacy. Atomic Therapy. 2016 Jul 1;24(7):1187-98. Saudubray JM, Baumgartner MR, Walter J, editors. Inalienable metabolic infections: analysis and treatment. The board; 2016 Nov 10. Bend Medical Research Policy | Australian Research Council [Internet]. Arc.gov.au. 2017 [cited 16 September 2017]. Accessible from: https://www.arc.gov.au/curve clinical research-strategy

Market Structure Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Market Structure - Research Paper Example any new firm can enter the market on account of no limitations, for example, high arrangement cost, lawful obstructions or some other. All the organizations are gaining typical benefit as there is solid rivalry inside the business. Besides, homogenous items are delivered, for example all items are indistinguishable or normalized and are substitutes of one another, along these lines having a similar cost too (â€Å"Dewett, 1983†). A blemished rivalry is the place there are very few makers in the market and there is less rivalry as purchasers and venders are not completely mindful of the costs so various costs exist for same item in the market (â€Å"Dewett, 1983†). There are three types of a blemished market: Monopolistic Competition: Under this structure, there are scarcely any merchants as comparedwith flawless rivalry and the items created are separated because of marking, which gives the maker an approach to have his own estimating strategy and accordingly can acquir e more than ordinary benefits (â€Å"Dewett, 1983†). Oligopoly: there are a couple of providers in the market in this structure, and each provider has a considerable command over the costs, and yield created in light of the fact that couple of providers control the whole gracefully in the market. There is solid adversary awareness due to the association of providers. There is a chance of item separation just as substitute items, and the value yield strategy of every provider relies on the level of homogeneity or heterogeneity (â€Å"Dewett, 1983†). Imposing business model: There is a solitary dealer or maker who controls the whole market. As he controls the entire gracefully, he can fix the cost and gain anomalous benefits. There are high boundaries to passage and exit from this industry, which keeps contenders from going into it (â€Å"Dewett, 1983†). It’s a one firm industry wherein there is no requirement for separation in light of the fact that no sub stitutes are accessible. There is a solitary item totally heavily influenced by a monopolist who is the value maker(â€Å"Dewett, 1983†). 2. Recognize one genuine case of a market structure in your neighborhood city and relate your guide to every one of the qualities of the market. There are various enterprises or markets working in a city, with every one of them following an alternate market structure as indicated by the idea of the business there. One such prevailing industry is the women’s dress, which is working in the monopolistic rivalry showcase structure. It is a genuine case of this structure, and one can plainly classify its highlights as those present in this market structure. There is a high number of merchants in the market with each delivering a separated item and vigorously publicizing and elevating its image name to make client mindfulness. The point of firms is to case brand faithfulness, which permits them to charge a more significant expense than the ir rival, implying that venders have some command over cost however not full control in view of their interdependency. In since quite a while ago run, firm with compelling promoting and development will just gain typical benefits as a result of the opposition as it won't have the option to charge too high a cost. Be that as it may, in short run, a few firms can win unusual benefits with their non-value rivalry, quality, plan or alluring publicizing, much the same as in women’s attire. The items are created practically same style aside from some variety in the plans, quality and a solid brand name related with it. There is

MeisterLabs Community Round-Up 5 Inspiring Team Workflows

MeisterLabs Community Round-Up 5 Inspiring Team Workflows 2017 has been a rollercoaster for many of us. However, hearing from teams around the world who are using MindMeister and MeisterTask to achieve inspiring things has been a high point for us here at MeisterLabs. So, whether you’re counting down the days for this year to be over, or trying to squeeze every last drop out of 2017, we thought we’d share some highlights from the MeisterLabs community you might even like to steal some of these workflows for yourself ?? 1. Helping Teachers in Iowas Schools with the Email to Task Zap With emails flooding in from clients, colleagues, and stakeholders on a daily basis, your inbox can really take a hit. Aaron Roberts, the Innovation Coach for Mason City Schools, shared how this occurs in his work: “My job as the Innovation Coach is similar to the work of a consultant. Teachers are my clients, so I have a great deal of teacher questions rolling into my inbox daily,” To help Aaron manage these emails, he set up a Zap, from Zapier, that converts labeled Gmail messages into MeisterTask tasks. For example, by labeling an email as “Middle school teacher needs”, the email is added automatically as a task to the relevant section of Aaron’s teacher request project board. Without lifting a finger, Aaron’s important emails are turned into tasks, including: the email subject line forming the task name the body of the email forming the task description and the teacher’s email address included in the task description, for an efficient response. “I can be an emailaholic,” Aaron shares. “Thankfully, MeisterTask keeps our team out of our email and focused on the bigger picture, while still managing the day-to-day client needs.” Read Aaron’s story here. 2. Working Remotely to Provide Sustainable Housing Across Europe The Building and Energy Conservation Bureau (ESEB) is an NGO working tirelessly to provide European citizens with long-lasting homes that are safe, warm, environmentally friendly and affordable. Image from ESEB’s Facebook Page. However, with their headquarters in Riga, Latvia but their team spread throughout Europe, the team were facing a collaboration problem: “The biggest issue we were facing was task management between remote team members,” ESEB’s Research Analyst, MartinÅ¡ Miezis, shared with us. “We needed a solution that would display and help to manage the tasks that each employee was working on.” Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Weekly Strategy Meeting on MindMeister. As a result, the team began using MindMeister to hold meetings across their locations, before converting the plans into actionable, assigned tasks in MeisterTask, via the integration. Subsequently, everyone is clear on project progress, no matter their location. Plus, according to the team, they’ve been delivering their housing projects to deadline, and collaboratively, ever since. Read ESEB’s story here. Make every team meeting effectivewith mind maps with MindMeister with MindMeister 3. Designing Extraordinary Events with Project Scope Mind Maps Event Design Collective is an organization developing innovative ways to plan and implement impactful events. In order to help clients to design and execute these events, the team uses MindMeister to visually share their creative vision with clients. “We use MindMeister to map out and research the event design projects, as well as begin the planning of the design,” Managing Partner and Co-Founder, Ruud Janssen shared. “We find MindMeister particularly useful for sorting out complex problems and getting a clear first picture of the scope, time and research required by new projects.” The mind map, demonstrating project scope and vision, is shared with the client for feedback, ensuring all requirements are agreed upon, before going on to develop a collaborative project plan and roadmap. Read Event Design Collective’s story here. 4. Using Task Checklists and Due Dates to Run the Perfect Wedding Wedding days can be pretty high-pressure. Couples have likely planned their big day for months or even years beforehand, organizing every minute detail to a T. Being part of rolling out this special and precise vision is a big responsibility. Wedding Photographer, Martina Lundborg, shared with us how she uses MeisterTask to help ensure the weddings are just as perfect as planned: “One of the worst things that can happen at a wedding is that you forget something essential. To ensure this doesn’t happen, I have a task per client in MeisterTask, including a checklist of everything I need to remember,” Lundborg shared. “Within the task, I can keep adding items to the checklist as they arise, such as a specific lens I might need for an outdoor wedding or a change of shoes for the 12+ hours of non-stop shooting. I then set the task due date to be a day or so before the wedding, to remind myself to pack all essential belongings!” With this new workflow, Martinas business is growing and partnerships with other wedding photographers are now on the cards: “I’ve always worked alone as a wedding photographer but I’m starting to get involved with projects that involve cooperating more with other photographers in Sweden projects that I would never have considered since the management would take too much time. However, since I’ve worked out a much better workflow , although it sounds cliché, anything now feels possible!” Read Martina’s story here. Productive task managementmade simple 5. Building Beautiful Digital Marketing Solutions Transparently Earlier this year, we heard from Dutch creative agency We Brand Creative about how they manage client liaison transparently, by creating a new MeisterTask project board for each new client they work with. The team then invites their client to collaborate in the project, providing a visual project roadmap and allowing their clients to track project progress transparently, via the Kanban workflow. Each of their project boards includes the tasks agreed upon with the client and the stage that each task is at in the journey to completion. For example, the team has a section for ‘In Progress *Client Name*’, including all tasks that are in progress but currently with the client for feedback. This feedback can then be given via the inbuilt task commenting features, or within documents attached to the task. “We’ve long been looking for a tool that allows us to work with our clients in an accessible way,” Wouter Zwarekant, Creative Director of We Brand Creative shared. “ we can simply provide clients with access to the relevant project, and because MeisterTask can be used via the web, mobile, and desktop apps, it’s a solution that every client can work with.” Read We Brand Creative’s story here. The process of using MeisterTask for client liaison will soon be even easier with  roles permissions a new feature available on our upcoming MeisterTask Business plan. Keep your eyes peeled for our January announcement! So there’s our round-up of five ways teams have used MindMeister and MeisterTask to achieve inspiring things in 2017 and the workflows they used to do so! Do you have a story you’d like to share on how you’re using MindMeister and/or MeisterTask to achieve great things? Get in touch! In the meantime, wishing you all a great holiday period and a happy new year from the whole team at MeisterLabs! Save 30% on MindMeister MeisterTask

Hamlets Loneliness Essay example - 648 Words

One would agree that Hamlet was a lonely character. In the entire play he isolated himself because of the things that he did and the secrets that he had. He had very few friends and he started to not trust humanity. His loneliness was a major contributor to his tragic downfall. The reason for this is because it kept him away from his friend and family and then eventually it started to make him go crazy and make the wrong decisions or so he wanted it to seem. According to the play Hamlet was informed that his Uncle killed his father. He did not want to let anyone know the news that he found out about his father’s death. He also did not want to tell anyone that he knew about the ghost of his father. He couldnt even trust his friends and†¦show more content†¦According to Shakespeare, Never make known what you have seen tonight (act 1 scene 5 144). Hamlet knew that his uncle killed his father but he didn’t even want anyone to know what he knew about the death of hi s father. The reason why he did not want anyone to know was because he wanted to get his revenge for his father’s death. Hamlet decided to create a plan to get revenge for his father’s death. He planned on pretending he was crazy so that he could easily create his revenge plans. As time went on with him creating his plan, Hamlet became more and more lonely. As Shakespeare says, ...it goes so heavily with my disposition that this goodly frame, the earth seems to me a sterile promontory; this most excellent canopy, the air, look you, this brave oer hanging firmament, this majestical roof fretted with golden fire-why it appears nothing to me but a foul and pestilent congregation of vapors...( act 2 scene 1 289). Hamlet didn’t care much about anything else but getting his revenge. He totally ignored everyone around him while trying to figure out what he was going to do next. Hamlet didn’t trust to tell anyone what he knew and what he planned to do. This caused him to keep everything inside of him. By doing this he was hurting himself. He felt pain inside but could not let because then he would be letting out his secrets. He was forced to betray his love Ophelia. She loved him so much but he was too involved inShow MoreRelatedShakespeare s Madness : A Timeless Reflection Of Society1535 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom more relatable issues like the paranoia and loneliness of the characters, and this madness inevitably leads to their destruction. Shakespeare leaves it up to the interpretation of the reader to decide how each character’s downfall was affected by insanity; but at the same time, he masterfully makes the character’s irrational actions connect to situations that are evident all throughout society. The root of everyone’s despair might be Hamlet’s mother, Gertrude. Her madness was not as profoundRead MoreHamlet ´s Treatment of Ophelia and Gertrude Essay1680 Words   |  7 Pagesforms of parent to child and from lover to lover is an addictive element which can result in loneliness and lead to madness to those who lose it forever. Hamlets relationship with Gertrude and Ophelia is quick to fall apart after he learns key information about his parentage. Both Gertrude and Ophelia provide him with love but are absent at a time when he needs it most; during the reign of his madness. Hamlets madness is partly evident due to his poor relationship with Gertrude and Ophelia, since theyRead MoreThe Heart of Hamlet’s Mystery1210 Words   |  5 Pagesfollows from emptiness does not change any individual’s choices, but even the hero Hamlet a â€Å"Prince to continue his strange behavior†¦because he himself has committed murder† falls victim to the dangers of loss (Werder). Karl Werder writes â€Å"The Heart of Hamlet’s Mystery† in order to further explain why losing a relationship with something important can change the decisions of an individual. Hamlet transforms from a hero into a confused wanderer that tries to find what he needs to do in order to patch theRead MoreVacillation and Determination of Hamlet Essay661 Words   |  3 Pagesprofound questions, seeking truth and understanding as he tries to avenge his fathers death. Throughout the play, hamlet’s perpetual challenging of himself and his actions makes him unable to act on his inclinations consistently. Hamlet is restrained by his excessive consideration of religious morals and beliefs as well as his fear of fatality. This indecisiveness is a crucial part of Hamlet’s character for most of the play, but he eventually undergoes a transformation in his attitude at the end of playRead MoreEssay On Internal Conflicts In Hamlet1083 Words    |  5 Pagescharacters face play a major role in their downfalls and, ultimately, their deaths. Through Claudius’ struggle to conceal the murder of King Hamlet, Ophelia’s guilt for Hamlet’s madness, and Hamlet’s inaction due to fear, Shakespeare conveys that each character faces a dilemma, in which there are no simple solutions. Ophelia’s guilt for Hamlet’s madness ultimately leads her to go mad and commit suicide. With the exception of Gertrude, Ophelia is the only female character in the play. She is often referredRead MoreHamlet s Madness And Insanity1481 Words   |  6 Pageshas been has been discussed of Hamlet’s madness and insanity. There have been endless arguments of whether his madness is feigned or unfeigned. Although, minimal arguments have been made about Hamlet’s pessimism. Hamlet is one of Shakespeare s most pessimistic plays, and as such it delivers the message that in a fallen world, reality often fails to match the ideal. The human experiences held up for pessimistic contemplation in Hamlet includes death, grief, loneliness, insanity, loss of meaning inRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet Essay902 Words   |  4 Pagesthe drama concentrates on Hamlet’s inner struggle to take action. Actually, the reality requires Hamlet to take action, but he hesitate d. Hamlet is rarely initiative, he mostly was inspired and motivated by his father s ghost so that we can find that Hamlet s revenge is beyond his control. In the play, â€Å"GHOST: I am thy father s spirit, Doomed for a certain term to walk the night†¦..To ears of flesh and blood.† (Act I, Scene 5, P.1101), we are able to find that Hamlet’s revenge for his father’s murderRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet As A Traditional Revenge Tragedy1380 Words   |  6 Pagesapproaches. Hamlet can be explained as a traditional revenge tragedy quite simply – Hamlet’s quest to avenge his murdered father, while ultimately successful, eventually concludes with his own destruction, and the ruin of all those around him (Lennard). In order to accomplish his vengeance, Hamlet unknowingly sacrifices those he loves, and himself in his entirety – the true tragedy of the play (Bradley). Hamlet’s thirst for revenge is what drives the work forward; though he is hesitant and slow inRead MoreAnalysis Of Hamlets Second Soliloquy981 Words   |  4 PagesI Hamlets second soliloquy, we face a determined Hamlet who is craving revenge for his father. â€Å"Ay, thou poor ghost, while memory holds a seat/ In this distracted globe. Remember thee!† Hamlet feels sorry for his father who was unable to repent of his sins and is therefore condemned to a time in purgatory. He promises his father that in spite of his mental state (he is distracted, confused a nd shocked) he will avenge his death. He holds him in the highest regards because he sees his father asRead MoreHamlet And Divisadero Analysis975 Words   |  4 Pagesrelate to. Though published in the 1600s by William Shakespeare, this play is vastly relevant as numerous people of varying ages and backgrounds are experiencing similar emotions displayed by Hamlet. Paralleling Hamlet to the story Divisadero, proves Hamlet’s circumstance does not only pertain to the play, rather in other scenarios, further confirming that it is relatable to people in real life. In addition to examining Hamlet, reading other pieces of literature is beneficial in further understanding

The Not So Secret Code Essay - 1936 Words

The not so Secret Code Imagine a world in which men could act feminine and women could act masculine without being judged. Now try and identify why this may never happen. Men and women are both taught at an early age what they can and cannot do because of what gender they were born as; they are markedly similar in this aspect. There is a known gender stereotype for girls and boys, and the parents of these children enable these stereotypes from the day that they are born. girls are given pink clothes, and boys are given blue clothes. These colors set the rules of how they must behave for the rest of their lives, this idea is known as The Girl and Guy code. It is all black and white thinking, or in the case pink and blue. There is no in-between because once you stray from the code it is immediately recognized and looked down upon. Although the girl and guy code are almost polar opposites, they go hand in hand with one another because they are both used among society as a way to c reate a better image in front of others. The Woman looks better in the eyes of other women if she is more lady-like, and a man looks better in front of men if he is more manly; both genders deal with a heavy set of homosocial ideals. To start off with, the girl code is what makes a girl â€Å"lady-like†. In this set of rules, they are expected to know how to do housework, how to cook, and bluntly, how to not become a â€Å"slut†. In Jamaica Kindcaid’s Girl the mother of a young girl strongly urges herShow MoreRelatedThe Not So Secret Code Essay1933 Words   |  8 PagesThe not so Secret Code Imagine the world in which men could act feminine and women could act masculine without being judged. Now try and identify why this may never happen. Men and women are both taught at an early age what they can and cannot do because of what gender they were born as; they are markedly similar in this aspect. There is a known gender stereotype for girls and boys, and the parents of these children enable these stereotypes from the day that they are born. girls are given pinkRead MoreThe Da Vinci Code By Dan Brown1304 Words   |  6 Pagesabout the past. A book that represents this quote, is the Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown. This book is the thrilling story of Robert Langdon and Sophie Neveu in their hunt to solve the dying wish of Sophie’s grandfather. Not only does it contain a fantastic storyline, it also is full of rich history. John Paul Richter said history is like religion, it unites all learning and power and that is exactly what happens in the Da Vinci Code. His life was filled with many things that were hidden to the othersRead MoreThe KKK and Real Estate Essay1227 Words   |  5 PagesTo what extent are real estate agents similar to the Ku Klux Klan? There is no stronger incentive than fear. Clans and secret societies are everywhere; Lawyers, police man, business man, politicians, life insurance sellers, car sellers and real estate agents are just some examples .The difference between them and the Ku Klux Klan is the aim and the means used to achieve their objective. The Klan’s aims is â€Å"by force and terror ,to prevent al political action not in accord with the views of memberRead MoreThe Da Vinci Code: Faith, Fact, and the Conspiracies Behind Them1576 Words   |  7 PagesDictionary is, â€Å"a secret plot that is largely unknown to the general public† (Webster 84). Dan Brown focuses on an unusual conspiracy in his novel, The Da Vinci Code. The religious conspiracy theories suggested in this novel discuss secrets of epic proportions that have the potential to shatter the foundations of Christianity. â€Å"Behold the greatest cover-up in human history!† (270). Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code proves everybody loves a conspiracy. Throughout the novel, secrets are revealed thatRead MoreInfidelity and Confidentiality: A Dilema for Therapists Essays1399 Words   |  6 Pages What are the ethical concerns regarding this scenario? In one case we are keeping our client’s confidences, building trust and following all ethical codes of confidentiality. In another case, we could possibly cause harm by keeping the client’s spouse in the dark about the affair. The fact that we aid the spouse in harboring this secret can backfire once the spouse finds out that we were well aware of any and all high-risk behavior that will cause emotional distress as well as put him or herRead MoreEncryption Vs. Modern Society Essay1028 Words   |  5 Pagesthe encryption of computer data is becoming increasingly important since much sensitive information is stored on our hard drives and human based codes are simply too easy for a computer to solve. All forms of encryption are based on cryptology which is the science of analyzing and deciphering codes and ciphers and cryptograms. Cryptology and simple codes have been used as early as the Roman Empire. Encryption is used to ensure the confidentiality of a message that is being sent is not compromisedRead MoreUses And Uses Of Shoulder Surfing1461 Words   |  6 Pagessuffer from many weakness. In this research paper ,we see some common techniques to prevent our systems from shoulder surfing, like graphical passwords, face detection, pattern locking system in smart phones, graphical secret codes, S3PAS, Shuffling Text Method(STM), secret tap method, secret tap with double shift method and many more. We discussed some techniques in it. The well known vulnerabilities of the textual password are here. To overcome the problem in textual based passwords we use graphicalRead MoreA Brief Note On The World War II1317 Words   |  6 Pagescom/American) For the people who were in war they had a lot of extra tools to help them out. They had secret codes that were â€Å"Indecipherable†, they also had various different submarines, and along with that they had a heavy amount of aircraft.(world war II planes.com/Boeing) Although there are so many of these different types of weapons/tools I’m here to tell you about some of the many discrete ones. (Beaver) Codes, these are one of the many different ways World War II members would communicate with one anotherRead MoreThe Underground Railroad : The United States History1456 Words   |  6 Pageslesson plans to extend the experience with these books and to further explore United States history; however, what is depicted in these books have been consistently contested by quilt historians and folklorists This essay discusses the myth that secret codes were stitched into quilts to help slaves escape to freedom and why this myth continues today. After the Civil War, an explosion of published information in the form of diaries, letters, and autobiographies like Incidents in the Life of a SlaveRead MoreCode Of Ethics For Nurses1274 Words   |  6 PagesCode of Ethics for Nurses In the nursing profession, nurses often find ethical reasoning that not only evaluates actions and their results, but also questions why we perceive certain incidences to be paramount for us as humans. Ethics attempts to decide how actions are deemed right or wrong. The Code of ethics, which is a set of guidelines published by the International Council of Nurses, helps direct nurses in everyday decisions and it defends their refusal to take part in events that disagree with

Popul Vuh Free Essays

There are many stories that talk about the creation of the earth and have been passed from generation to generation. However, each culture and each region has its own stories about the creation. They are unique in some way but still share the same themes that are universal to many civilizations. We will write a custom essay sample on Popul Vuh or any similar topic only for you Order Now Almost all the themes talk about how we and everything on earth were created or how the universe and humanity developed. Two of the most popular creation stories are the Book of Genesis and the Popol Vuh. While the Genesis and Popol Vuh are different in the way God created iving things and their explanation of creation, their similarities are important because they tell us how everything come from and the people’s belief in Gods. First of all, the Genesis creation myth is known as one part of the Hebrew Bible that explains how God created human and living things. Therefore, their entire traditional stories seem as the views of a monotheistic world, praising one, all-perfect deity. Genesis focuses mainly on the relationship between God and humans beings in the earth. While the Popol Vuh is one of the Maya creation stories and also showed the perspectives of a polytheistic culture, believing and living under various Gods. In this story, the Gods tried to create something that would praise them and thanks to them. In Genesis myth, God created man and woman to live and love each other. However, one strict rule that Gods did not want them to violate was not to eat an apple from the Tree of Knowledge in the Garden of Eden. Of every tree in the garden thou mayest freely eat: but one of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou halt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. † (Genesis 67). Meanwhile, in the Popol Vuh, Gods did not create human at first. Instead, they created animals first and then they created mud people and wood people secondly. Gods finally created humans who made from the corn and have the shape exac tly like what human nowadays beings. Unfortunately, in both stories, the creation did not satisfy their creators. They did mistake and fail to meet the Gods’ expectations. For the Genesis, Adam and Eve were nticed by a serpent and ate the fruit anyway even though they were warned before by the God. Feeling angry from their mistake, God forced them out of the Garden and began to be multiplied and full-filled in the earth. From another part of the Genesis, God was unhappy from what he created because the humans at that time were very greedy and did not follow God’s expectations. Therefore, he created a great flood on the earth, destroying everything and killing everyone from this flood. â€Å"l will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the earth,†¦ or it repenteth me that I have made them. (Genesis 70). In contrast, in the Popol Vuh, when animals, mud people and wood people could not reach Gods ‘expectations because they did not praise the creators as they wanted them to do. Therefore, Gods made a flood to kill all the mud and wood people. â€Å"The manikins, woodcarvings were killed when the Heart of Sky devised a flood f or them. † (Popol Vuh 82). While God in Genesis gave humans a second chance to live by saving life for Noah’s family after destroying everything, Gods in Popol Vuh began to create the corn people after a flood to serve for their desire because they could praise the Gods and did everything that they wanted. as created and how it was ended. Gods in both stories created humans on the earth, gave them food and shelters but also destroyed humans by a great flood as a symbol of their anger when they failed to their expectations. One more similarity between two stories that all Gods were selfish and being scared when people gain too much knowledge. For example, in the Genesis, God did not want Adam and Eve at the forbidden fruit because they will know everything about the nature as the Gods were doing. While in the Popol Vuh, when the Gods saw the corn people were very intelligent and perfect after created, so they felt threatened by the corn people as they would be more powerful than them. miet they’ll become as great as gods, unless they procreate, proliferate at the sowing, the dawning, unless they increase. † (Popol Vuh 85). In order to solve this problem, Gods took away some In conclusion, even though the Book of Genesis and the Popol Vuh were written by wo different cultures, they also have some similarities in general such as the creation of the flood and human’s knowledge. However, their myths were also different in some way. For the Genesis, God Just wanted people to live happily and healthily on the earth while the Gods in the Popol Vuh stories want people to praise for their merit and keep their day together. Therefore, as we can see that the differences between two stories are very important because they showed us how different cultures and regions affect human’s life and thinking about their creation. How to cite Popul Vuh, Papers

The Connections between the MEAA Code of Ethics and Three Philosophical Traditions

The MEAA code of ethics is based upon the traditional concepts of moral theories. The main concepts of the social contract theory, the utilitarian theory and the virtue theory can be used or explaining the main principles of the journalist professional code and providing a deeper insight into its basic aspects, namely truth telling, respecting the human dignity and the interests of others and taking the responsibility for the outcome of professional activity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Connections between the MEAA Code of Ethics and Three Philosophical Traditions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The social contract theory which was developed by Thomas Hobbes in his work The Leviathan in 1651 justifies the existence of government as a means of protecting the community from the destruction caused by the natural conflicts of interests. Comparing the government to a mythological sea creature, Hobbes and his followers claim that in the primitive condition defined as the state of nature, humans would quarrel and destroy the whole world.[1] Every member of the community has to follow the rules outlined in the social contract for preventing the disaster and securing their survival. The principles of the social contract theory can be applied for explaining the principle of MEAA code of ethics which obliges journalists to disclose the conflicts of interests which can affect the accuracy of their professional activity.[2] Hobbes’ explanation of the basic ethical forms as the necessary means for preserving the peaceful coexistence of all individuals is relevant to the journalists’ ethical code because of their professional role in the community. The utilitarian moral theory which was formulated by Bentham and presented in his Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation in 1789 evaluates every human action through determining the usefulness of its outcome. Using the r ationale for evaluating the moral actions through measuring the pleasures and pains cause by them, this theory is also known as the utilitarian calculus.[3] Bentham’s theory was criticized as Godless and skeptical because of its rejection of more traditional moral principles. The mechanism of the utilitarian calculus can be used for complying with the principle of MEAA code of ethics which says that journalists should not exploit people’s ignorance of the media practice.[4] Thus, in every individual situation, journalists should evaluate the possible outcomes of their professional activities, taking into account all the pleasures and pains caused by their professional to all the sides of the process. The virtue theory can be regarded as one of the oldest with its roots going to the ancient Greek philosophy, for example, Sophocles’ tragedy Oedipus Rex, showing the negative consequences of the main character’s moral decay. The virtue theory was developed by Aristotle, particularly in his work The Nichomachean Ethics in which he defines the main eleven virtues as the means for controlling the human desires and avoiding the negative effects of going to the extremes.[5]Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Treating the moral virtue as the central concept of ethics, Aristotle explains its value for defining and avoiding the hazards of excess or deficiency of certain qualities. The virtue theory can be applied for explaining the importance of the principle of fair correction of errors as a method of continuing self-improvement and development of virtue qualities and achieving the end goal of happiness.[6] The principles of truth telling, showing respect for human dignity, treating other people’s interests equally to your own and selecting the responsible means for obtaining and using the materials as the main underpins of journalistic eth ical code can be explained through the implementation of the main concepts of the three above-mentioned moral theories. Thus, the social contract theory would explain the importance of truth-telling in terms of observing one of the conditions of the agreement and preventing the conflicts. The utilitarian theory allows using the utilitarian calculus for measuring the pains and pleasures of using the verified and trustful information in every individual situation. According to the virtue theory, truth telling can be defined as a moral virtue itself which is important for the journalist’s spiritual growth and approaching his/her personal happiness as the end goal of every person’s existence. The aspect of showing the respect for human dignity can be justified by the basic principles of the moral theories. Thus, in terms of the social contract theory, this principle can be interpreted as an obligatory condition required for fulfilling he professional functions without offe nding somebody’s feelings and consequently preventing the possible conflicts. The utilitarian approach can be used for explaining the benefits of showing the respect for the dignity of others, including the colleagues, interviewees and participants of journalist surveys. Measuring the benefits of preserving good relationship and doing no harm against the reduction of the chances to capture the audience’s attention and bearing in mind the above-mentioned aspect of telling the truth, professionals will be able to improve the outcome of their activities and find the moral justification for their decisions.[7] The virtue theory would explain the importance of respecting human dignity as one of the moral virtues required for not going into the extremes of hurting somebody’s dignity or overemphasizing the role of the respondents’ feelings in case if telling the truth would hurt them to certain extent. The aspect of treating the interests of other people equally with their own is important for complying with the journalist ethical code and celebrating the moral values in professional experience. The social contract theory would view this principle as the necessary condition for ensuring the peaceful interaction of journalists with their colleagues, employers and the community in general. For example, plagiarizing and distorting the facts for the purpose of receiving the gains at the expense of others is inadmissible for the journalist professionals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Connections between the MEAA Code of Ethics and Three Philosophical Traditions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The utilitarian theory allows evaluating the positive and negative consequences of making a concrete professional decision, taking into account the significance of treating the others’ interests equal to their own. The virtue theory would define account of the interests o f other members of the community as the virtue of altruism required for making the professional activity a part of the overall life strategy for achieving the primary goal of happiness. The aspect of taking the responsibility for the effects of professional activity by implementing the most appropriate strategies can be justified by the moral theories. Hobbes’ social contract theory would explain this aspect with the importance of predicting the consequences of one’s actions for minimizing the risks of conflicts and preserving the peaceful coexistence of the community members through their collaborative efforts. The utilitarian theory allows weighing all pros and cons of implementing the fair and honest methods in every individual situation. However, the results achieved from the utilitarian calculus will not diminish the importance of following this principle of the ethical code, but rather would provide the rationale for acting in accordance with the code. Regarding the virtue theory, it would appraise fair methods as the only possible way of achieving success in not only professional domain but also personal development. In general, it can be concluded that the traditional concepts of moral theories are preserved in the journalist ethical code, and the social contract, utilitarian and virtue theory can be applied for explaining the importance and benefits of ethical conduct in professional environment. Reference List Fieser, J 2001, Moral philosophy through the ages, Mayfield Publishing Company, Mountain View. Rachels, J Rachels S 2006, The elements of moral philosophy, McGraw-Hill, New York. Research Journalism, MEAA code of ethics. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Footnotes Fieser, J 2001, Moral philosophy through the ages, Mayfield Publishing Company, Mountain View, 94. Research Journalism n.d., MEAA code of ethics, Fieser, 194. MEAA code of ethics Fieser, 36. MEAA code of ethics Rachels, J Rachels S 2006, The elements of moral philosophy, McGraw-Hill, New York, 147. This essay on The Connections between the MEAA Code of Ethics and Three Philosophical Traditions was written and submitted by user Triston Vega to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Shift Happens, one way or another Essays

Shift Happens, one way or another Essays Shift Happens, one way or another Essay Shift Happens, one way or another Essay Shift happens, one way or another. The automobile comes in many shapes and sizes. But the color of a car or how many cup holders it has usually isnt the determining factor when purchasing a new car. One of the most important choices to be made would be whether or not to get a car with an automatic transmission or a manual transmission. The advantages and disadvantages of owning a vehicle with either type of transmission varies from one driver to the next. Loyal automatic transmission drivers are convinced that manuals re difficult to learn to drive because of an extra pedal called the clutch. While on the other hand an experienced manual transmission driver would view automatics as simple machines that require very little skill to operate. Many drivers out there prefer the automatic transmission because learning to use and operate one is very easy. They have a steering wheel, a shifter, a parking brake, and two foot pedals for the gas and brakes. With the shifter in the park position starting an automatic vehicle is as simple as turning the key. Once that is done the operator puts the shifter into the drive position and gives a push on the gas pedal with the right foot. The operator only has to use the shifter once to get the car going, and to stop the operator simply eases their right foot down on the brake pedal. Many parents would agree that this kind of vehicle is ideal for teaching teenagers how to drive for the first time. They spend less time worrying about the car itself and more time focused on the road. For someone learning to drive for the first time the automatic transmission makes this task a breeze. Manual transmissions on the other hand are very different. Manuals also have a steering wheel, park brake, and shifter but instead having of two foot pedals manuals have three. Manual transmissions require more physical and mental work from the operator to get the vehicle moving. Just turning the car on has more steps then an automatic car. To start a manual car the driver first makes sure that the shifter is in the neutral position. Once this is determined the driver will then push the clutch down with their left foot and turn the key. A manual transmission has to be physically put into gear by the driver using the clutch and the shifter; where as an automatic transmission goes this on its own. Pressing down on the clutch with the left foot then moving the shifter into the first gear position with the right hand, the driver gradually lets off of the clutch while at the same time slowly pressing down on the gas pedal with the right foot. This will make the car move forward and as the revolutions per minute (RPM) reach their peak for first gear, the driver repeats the last step ending with the smelter In ten next consecutive gear. I en earlier teen repeats tons step until a asleep traveling speed has been achieved. To come to a stop the driver first has to signage the transmission by pushing the clutch down and returning the shifter to the neutral position, only then can the driver press down on the brake with their right foot to bring the car to a complete stop. Compared to an automatic transmission the manual transmission is far more complex, yet most dont know that cars with manual transmissions get slightly better gas mileage than automatic vehicles. A manual vehicle unlike an automatic vehicle takes a lot of physical activity to operate but it also demands significant mental activity as well. Operating a car with a manual transmission requires the undivided attention of he driver. Using both hands and feet to operate the steering wheel, the shifter, and three foot pedals keeps the driver focused on the car, the road, and the other drivers. Manual car drivers would even argue they gain sharper reflexes from exercising their hand eye coordination on a daily basis. Almost making manual vehicle drivers more in tune with what is going on around them. This is one reason why automatic vehicle owners see the manual transmission as intimidating. With a manual vehicle the driver has little room for any distractions where as automatic vehicles need less hysterical movement and concentration. Eating, testing, talking on the phone, putting on makeup, even changing the radio station is problematic when driving a manual car safely and effectively. Operating an automatic vehicle requires little shifting and has no clutch but it inadvertently subjects the driver to possible distractions like the ones Just mentioned. Yet they make driving possible for people with certain physical disabilities by having that simple operating system. A manual transmission is not as accommodating. If you drive an automatic car think about learning to drive a car with a manual if Seibel Just see what it is like. It may seem difficult or annoying but you will never take the car you do have for granted. If you happened to be a seasoned manual car driver Just think about being stuck in rush hour traffic and all that shifting you have to do and never going faster than twenty miles an hour. Each transmission type demands a certain amount of respect because they both have qualities that millions of people all over the world enjoy. Whatever you prefer manual or automatic Just remember to love your car have fun and above all be safe for yourself and all your fellow drivers.

Any

Any Any Any By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, If a countable noun comes after any, then should it [the noun] be singular or plural? Like the indefinite article a/an, the word any derives from a form of the Old English word for one. Primarily an adjective, it is also used as a pronoun. As an adjective, any is most commonly followed by plural or uncountable nouns: In questions: Do you have any tomatoes for sale? (plural noun) Baa, baa Black Sheep, have you any wool? (uncountable noun) In negative statements: I don’t have any books by that author. (plural noun) The lion didn’t have any courage. (uncountable noun) In conditional statements: If your final draft contains any errors, it will be rejected. (plural noun) If you need any help with the proofing, let me know. (uncountable noun) Sometimes any is used to modify a singular countable noun: Any fourth-grader should be able to read that book. Any grammar book will have a section on relative pronouns. In these sentences, any is used in the sense of every: Every fourth-grader should be able to read that book. Every grammar book will have a section on relative pronouns. Sometimes a singular countable noun follows any in a question: Is there any rule that says I can’t dye my hair green? Is there any reason you slam the screen door every time you go through it? In the above contexts, the speaker does not anticipate more than one rule or reason, if any. On the other hand, a speaker who anticipates that there could be several rules or reasons would follow any with a plural noun: Are there any rules against further construction in this neighborhood? Are there any reasons we shouldn’t require job applicants to submit samples of their writing? As a pronoun, any stands for a noun that has already been expressed, or when it is followed by the preposition of: Of all the books I have read, this one is more memorable than any. If there are any of the pecans left after the sale, you may have them. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:8 Proofreading Tips And TechniquesPhrasal Verbs and Phrasal Nouns

Texas Exceptionalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Texas Exceptionalism - Essay Example The reason as to why they are famous for this or rather described as such is because of the following reasons. The State has the largest percentages of uninsured children, Non-Elderly insured, population with food insecurity, Teenage Birth Rate, Overall Birthrate, amount of toxic wastes released into water and air just to mention but a few (Nackman 57). The answer to the origin of this observation is not easy since more than six nations have colonized the whole State or some parts of Texas. This dates back to the 18th century when Texas was ruled by Spain. Mexico then took over Texas in 1836. Later, the Anglo settlers in Texas rebelled against the Mexican rulers and brought about their own form of civilization in Texas. This study normally aims at understanding how the ways of the early settlers in Texas have found their way into the present times without much change. The early settlers were complex, greedy, divided and racist. The people of Texas have always viewed themselves as sup erior to other people (Nackman 87). They believe that they are exceptional people who have amazing powers and were intended to establish an original country. Therefore, the early Settlers, commonly referred to as Anglo settlers are the ones who created Texas

Thoughts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Thoughts - Assignment Example The changes in these elements often cause alterations in the organizational behavior. Thus, for an organization to be more efficient and productive, it is essential to lay significant importance on these elements. It has been identified that organizations where these elements are respected and recognized, the individuals within it are motivated and enthusiastic in performing more efficiently. These individuals also experience high job satisfaction, when the organization takes proper care of those elements. They feel of being an integral part of the organization and are more willing to deliver their best towards the accomplishment of the broad organizational goals (Jenifer, 2009). Moreover, as stated by Simon, the four elements of organizational behavior also lead to the development of leadership skill amid employees and the top managerial bodies. Simon, in his statement, explicitly pointed out a few of the greatest leaders produced by the world. In this regard, Simon noted the names of few prominent leaders such as Martin Luther King, Steve Jobs of Apple Inc., and the Wright brothers. Accordingly, it is argued that these leaders had been successful in accomplishing several milestones, only because of their well-developed organizational behavior skills. It is further claimed that these leaders had strongly recognized ‘values’, ‘attitudes’, and ‘moods and emotions’, of their followers which enabled them to influence the behavior of their followers and attain their total commitment (Sinek, 2009). Thus, I firmly believe that for any organization to be more effective and efficient in this competitive world, the four key elem ents of an organizational behavior need to be

Managerial accounting techniques to help them thrive

Managerial accounting techniques to help them thrive Globally Hotels operators and managers are relying on managerial accounting techniques to help them thrive in the highly competitive and economy recession. The critical aspect of focusing on increasing revenue, minimise cost, align incentive to performance, maximise profits level without decline in the quality of services rendered by Hoteliers are becoming evolving issues in the hospitality industry. The essence of this project is uncover how management accounting is use to provide specialised internal information to the Managers in Lagos Airport Hotel, Lagos Nigeria that are responsible for directing and controlling operations within the hotels. The types of information provided by management accounting information systems and how it help the management in their strategic planning (Short or Long term), measurement performance, attained the organisational strategic objectives of increasing the owners wealth. SECTION 1- DESCRIPTION OF COMPANY: LAGOS AIRPORTS HOTELS LIMITED Lagos Airport Hotel Limited, is a subsidiary of Odua Investment Company,The hotel began operation in 1942 under the ownership and management of Joseph Harold, a Brition . The hotel name was then Grand Hotel which was later changed Ikeja Arms was incorporated in 1961, having started business as an owner managed hotel with 5 rooms in 1942 under the name Grand Hotel, Lagos.with 5 rooms. It was renamed Ikeja Arms Inn in 1956 acqiured in 1959 by the Government of Western region of Nigeria comprises of Oyo, Ogun, Ondo, Osun and Ekiti States in 1959 and incorporated as Lagos Airport Hotel in 1961. As at today the hotels had grown from 5 rooms in 1942 to 277 rooms consist of of , presidential suites , Monarchical Suite, Executive Suites, Presidential Suites, Executive/Business Suites, Standard/Executive Double, six conference halls well-secured car parks, two international Restaurants four Bars and an Olympic-sized Swimming Pool. The hotel under the leadership of Alhaji   Adebayo Jimoh , has over five hundred highly professional staff with additional two subsidiaries hotels namely Lafia Hotel and Premier Hotel Ibadan. The hotel strategic vision is to be the preferred choice for customers in the Nigerias hospitality industry. and mission statement is to passionately deliver efficient and catering services at competitive and affordable prices. In Peat survey 2009 the Airport is rated among the best top hotels in Nigeria and among the first leading hospitality companies in Lagos State. is rated among the best top 20 hotels in Nigeria. SECTION 2 COST BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS HOTEL BUSINESS OPERATION AND COST BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS HOTEL ACCOUNTING STRUCTURE AND LAGOS AIRPORT HOTEL EXPERIENCE The hotel business operation globally is characterised with a number of different cyclical sales revenue cycles which includes daily operating cycle, weekly , seasional cycle and general business cycle(Reccession). The Lagos airport hotels is not expempted from the above cyclical business patterned. Significantly, these various cyclical operation in hotel create a unique difficulties in forecasting revenue and cost. Secondly , hospitality operation are People oriented and people- driven, it is more difficult to effectively automate and control cost than it is on other non hospitality business sector 2.1 COST BEHAVIOUR AND ANALYSIS Lagos Airport Hotel operations tend to be highly departimised with separate operating division/unit that provide accommodation/lodging, Restaurants Bar services, Conference Banquest, Etc . Consequently the hotel accounting systems are designed to allow an independent evaluation of each operating department or division. To this end, cost directly traceable to a department are identified as direct cost, typically major direct cost in hotels includes cost of sales(foods drinks), salary wages, operating supplies e.g Soap, Toilet tissue paper etc . After direct costs are determined they are deducted from revenue to isolate contributory income which represent the depts or division contribution to support undistributed general overheads. As in their practice indirect cost are not easily traceable to a department and referred to as undistributed costs One of the arguments in favour of allocating indirect expenses to department is that aithough department managers are not responsible for controlling those costs, they should be aware of what portion of them is related to their department since this could have an impact on departmental decision making such as establishing room rates, foods and other service selling prices at a level that covers all costs not just direct cost. When this type of Full -cost accounting is implemented in a responsibility accounting system , it allows a manager to know the total minimum revenue that must be generated to cover all costs even though the control of some of those costs is not their responsility. Nevertheless there are mistake as regard the direct costs, controllable costs, indirect costs and non controllable cost. The assertion that say direct costs are generally more easily controlled than indirect costs but (Salome 2009) argued that in the long run all costs are controllable by someone at sometimes 2.2 RELEVANT NON RELEVANT COST CONCEPT AND APPLICATION IN HOTEL The theory of relevant and non relevant cost is widely used in hospitality cost management( ) the application is use for variety of decision making. A relevant cost is one that affect decision and such a cost must be in the future and different between alternatives. For example The Lagos airport is considering to introduce online booking with ATM Payment portal, the relevant cost would be the cost of web solution, ATM Machine, the cost of training employees on the new solutions and any change in maintenance and material supply costs on the new solution/machine. As long as no change is necessary in the number of staff required, the hotel labor cost would not be relevant cost and it would make no difference to the decision On cost behaviour Most hotels have a high proportion of fixed cost which are not expected to change in the short run of an operating period og a year or less and will not vary with increases or decrease in sales revenue, examples are management salaries, insurance or committed cost of an advertising campaign ,So this type of costs are not relevant for decision making Variable cost on the hand change in direct proportion to a change in sales revenue for example the more foods and drink sold, the more cost of sales incurred The usefulness of relevant cost , non relevant cost, fixed , variable, sunk cost etc in hotel business help the managers in making the following types of decision Allocation of indirect costs to revenue unit/dept Which types of equipment should they buy Whether to sell below total cost? Whether hotel should be close during off season? As the cost of low -activity characterises hotel sectors Which investment/business should they buy Make or buy decision making Alot more In the airport hotel activity -based costing is not broadly used while target costing has squat adoption level. But standard costing is most popular costing used in the hotel 2.3 MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING SYSTEM AND DECISION MAKING IN HOTEL A RELATIVE ILLUSTRATIVE STUDY OF LAGOS AIRPORT HOTEL The business success of the business depends to a very large extent upon the capacity of top management to develop the appropriate strategies in a number of issues which conform to the business corporate strategic goals The hotels have typically diverse level of decision making. Management at each level takes decision that are within its capability and responsibility For each level of decision making management accounting system has been found to provide appropriates information required for management decision making. To be specific the management accounting information system was found to be helpful to the hotel management to formulate and execute Strategies concerned with volume and capacity Strategies for assessing the relative profitability of division/ department or revenue area Strategies for pricing in condition of hotel space capacity Strategies for selecting product/service range where there are capacity or other constraints. Marginal costing is used by the hotels for cost structure and pricing decision. The marginal costing is mainly used for short-term planning, while activity based costing is the favoured costing method for long term strategic planning. The cost -volume -profit approach to decision (e.g Breakeven analysis) are widely produces to assist management in decision making . this assist them in evaluating current and future events regarding sales revenue inflow and cost outflow Cost volume profit analysis(CVP) cost are separated into variable and fixed componenets. They are then used to make informed and rational decision TABLE SHOWING Break even sales Break even sales equitation for Loding unit for 2009(See Financal hilghlight week6 project outline) The fixed costs(FC) are N197,702 , sales revenue N568,900 and variable cost (VC) are N63,968 .what is breakeven sales revenue? The break even point(BEP) = Fixed cost (Sales revenue Variable cost) = 197,702 (2053-230) BEP = 108 Rooms per day. Fig2: Break even revenue FC / 1-(variable cost/sales revenue) 197702/ 1- (N63,968/N568,900) 197,702/88.7% = N222,888 CVP analysis is a logical extension of breakeven analysis in hotels business it is used to make the following decision among others. At what level of sales revenue will operating income be TARTGETD INcme may be 700,000,000 How much must sales revenue increase to cover a new fixed cost If room rates are changes, what will be the effect on rooms sold? Whether to give bulk discounts or not? New investment decision SECTION 3 BUDGETING PROCESSING REVIEW BUDGETING AND BUDGETARY PROCESS OVERVIEW IN HOTEL INDUSTRY The objectives of organisation will be faciliatated by the implementation of an efficient budgeting, this because the whole essence of budgeting is to ensure that the allocation of resources is palnned to avoid waste and promote profitability For hotel managers to make meaningful decision about future, a manager must look ahead(Budget) Antril. P Mclaney.E (2009) Martin Micheal (2004) argued that for hotel or restaurant operators or manger the budget might be no more than looking ahead to tomorrow, estimating how many guests per night , estimating how many customers will eat in the restaurant etc Budgets not expressed in monetary terms could involve numbers of guest to be served, number of rooms to be occupied, number of employees required, or some other unit as opposed to monetary value Agara(2007), Martin Micheal (2004) identified the three main purposes of budgeting in hotels business To provide organised estimates of future unit sales, sales revenues, expenses, net income, staffing requirements or equipment needs, broken down by operating period and department To provide management with long-term and short term goals. To provide a method of control so that actual results can be evaluated against budget plans and adjustments, if necessary can be made The budgetary cycle or process is a five part process that involved the follows Establish attainable goals or objective Plan to achieve these goals or objectives Compare actual results with those planned , and analyse the difference(variance) Take corrective action required Improve the effectiveness of budgeting The starting point in budgeting is to forecast sales revenue, in hotel operation in forecasting the mnager usually considered past actual sales revenue and trends, current anticipated trends and the economic, competitive and limiting factors. Once the sales revenue had been forecast, direct operating expenses can be calculated based on anticipated sales level and undistributed expenses allocated or deducted to arrive at the net income. The various types of budgets include fixed, flecible, capital budget, operating , departmental,master budget etc Zero based budgeting (ZBB) this budget is found useful for controlling and controlling hotel operation, as the name implies no expenses can be budgeted for or incurred unless they are jusitified in advance. ZBB requires each department head to jusitify in advance the entire annual budget froma zero base. The department manager responsible for the cost prepare the analysis. After each department or division is anakysed , management ranks all decision unit and the final budget is allocated according to this ranking The variance analysis is useful tools for budgetary control as it is used for isolating the cause of difference between budgeted and actual figures. SECTION 4: FIRM PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS4.0 LAGOS AIRPORT HOTELS FINANCIAL STATEMENT AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS The financial report present merely a stewardship report . if the information is to have real meaning both to the management and other users of the report, it must be subjected to a process of analysis and interpretation. To do this, various stastics yardstick or analytical tools like ration analysis, comparative analysis, common size vertical analyisi , trend analysis/ percentage can be used. Ratio analysis is concerning with expressing relationship between inputs and output, the objective of ratio analysis is to construct a framework of such relationship which are important for the success of the company. One part of this framework bring together all these aspect of the business which contribute to profitability both fot the company and owners, another part of the framework assesses the liquidity of the hotel, the remaining part reflect the hotels standing or viability for the future. Table : Lagos Airport Hotel financial performance Anaysis for 5 years 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Profitability Ratio Gross profit Ratio or Margin 63.5% 46.5% 51.8% 68% 67.6 Net profit ratio or margin 17.2% 1.3% 4.3% 17.4% 15.7% Return on Capital employed 63.7% 3.9% 12.3% 43.1% 61.1% Liquidity / Investment Ratio Current Ratio 1.2:1 1.3:1 1.34:1 1.37:1 2.05:1 Gearing Ratio 103% 91.4% 91.7% 93.5 49% Total Debt to shareholder fund 193% 169% 171% 166% 156.8% Earning per share 2.47 0.14 0.42 1.5 1.25 Comments: Gross profit ratio which indicates the gross margin on sales in a period is steadly show a sign of improved 2009 from downward slope that occurred between 2008 2007, however the gross profit ratio needs improvement The net income ratio and return on capital which indicates a relative efficiency of the hotels business and overall profitability of the business is worrisome even with 17.3% for net return 63.7 ROCE for 2009 the performance is still far below expected returns level and it glaring that the hotel has been performance in term of profitability badly. For the hotel to remain operation for the nearest features it must be profitable and liquid. The strategy to adopt here is for the hotels managemenet to reduce its operational cost, improve revenue per guests,rates of occupany and innovate a new products or service that can improve revenue and profitability stream. The liquidity position of the hotel is far below ratio 2:1 recomended for healthy company, liquidity ratio measure the ability of a firm to meet its short -term obligations and reflect short term financial strength of the firm while the gearing ratio is extremely high as the company operation is funded from debts and depend on borrowed fund for expansion which is very vulerabilty to earning of shareholders and poses a possibility of take -over or bankcruptcy. The overall trend analysis for the hotel(see apendix2) provides uselful insight into some of the factors that might contributed to this aweful financial position Interestingly, many individual operating ration are specifically available for hospitality industries which focus on internal operation like rooms/accommodation, Foods Beverage analysis and decision making. Some of these analysis includes but not limited to income per guests for each division, costs per guest by items, foods and or beverage cost percentage, labor cost percentage average foods or beverage dollar/Naira by meals period and by revenue areas, seat turnover by meals period etc In the rooms or lodgimg division average rate per occupied room, revenue per available room (REVPAR) , Occupancy percentage, annual revenue per room, labour cost percentage etc The internal analysis of the above influenced the management decision making in term of improve sales level, directing efforts into selling higher priced rooms rather than lower priced, increasing rate of occupancy percentage or average room rate. On the impact of success critical factor(CSF) on the financial performance, the monetary indicators, grosss operating profit per available room was used SECTION 5 : CAPITAL INVESTMENT ANALYSIS 5.0 CAPITAL BUDGETING TECHNIQUES IN HOTEL INDUSTRY The largest investment that hotel or food seervice business has to make is in the land and building (Martin Micheal 2004) . The hotels management also make frequent investment decision for items such as equipment, furniture purchases and replacement. Due to elongated life time and colossal of capital outlays entail for capital investment, management espoused a more pragmatic approach and use appropriate capital investment control methodology to ensure right capital investment decision making There are hazard in making capital investment, the hazards can be seldom be eliminated but there are techniques available that allow the manager to reduce some of the quesswork The Lagos Airport hotels use Payback period and net present value, rn as a tools to guide investment decision A Case study of capital investment decision making in Lagos Airport Hotel A typical capital investment decision techniques is the Lagos airport hotel was contemplating of improve the restaurant services and planning to purchase a new type of oven and other modern kitchen apparatus. Or invest in Cinema or Casio Opertaion The hotel management is provided with two alternative investment option to choose from with their annual net cash inflows over the five -year investment period Year Otption1- Restaurant Improvement Option2- New Cinema Casio Centre 1 1,200,000 630,000 2 1,290,000 870,000 3 1,320,000 1,275,000 4 1,230,000 1,725,000 5 615,000 1,815,000 The initial investment outlay of N4,950,000 NPV is at 12%, Would either of them be a good investment for the hotel? Solution Option 1 -Restaurant improvement Net cash flows Cumulative net cash flows Year 0 Cost investment (4,950,000) (4,950,000) Year1 Net Saving 1,200,000 (3,750,000) (-4,950,000 + 1,200,000) Year 2 Net saving before Dep 1,290,000 (2,460,000) (-3,750,000 +1,290,000) Year 3 Net saving before Dep 1,320,000 (1,140,000 ) (-2,460,000+ 1,320,000) Year4 Net saving before Dep 1,230,000 90,000 (-1,140,000 +1,230,000) Year5 Net saving before Dep 615,000 705,000 ( 90,000+ 615,000) Option 1 Payback period = 3 years, 11 months plus 4 days Option 2 -New Cinema CASINO CENTRE Net cash flows Cumulative net cash flows Year 0 Cost investment (4,950,000) (4,950,000) Year1 Net Saving before Dep 630,000 (4,320,000) (-4,950,000 + 630,000) Year 2 Net saving before Dep 870,000 (3,450,000) (-4,320,000 +870,000) Year 3 Net saving before Dep 1,275,000 (2,175,000 ) (-3,450,000+ 1,275,000) Year4 Net saving before Dep 1,725,000 (450,000) (-2,175,000 +1,725,000) Year5 Net saving before Dep 1,815,000 1,365,000 ( -450,000+ 1,815,000) Option 2 Payback period = 4 years, 3 months The analysis above showed option 1 have a shorter pay back period and logic of using pay back period is that projects that can recoup their cost quickly are economically more attractive than those with longer payback(Antrill Mclaney 2009) so Option 1 is to be selected based on pay period methods. The major drawback o9f pay back period is that it ignore cash flow after the payback period and it does not take time value of money(Effect of inflation/ interest /risk etc) into consideration NET PRESENT VALUE(NPV) Net present value methods of appraisal consider all of the costs and benefits of each investment opportunity and make a logical allowance for the timing of those costs and benefits The NPV is consider better among all other investment appraisal techniques because of cashflow timming recognition, uses of all relevant cash flow and meet the objective of the business which to increase owners wealth LAGOS AIRPORT HOTEL USING NPV METHOD OPTION1 -Restaurant Improvement NPV Option 2 New Cinema Casino centre Time Cash flow N NPV (12%) Cash flow N NPV Year0 (4,950,000) (4,950,00) (4,950,000) (4,950,00) Year1 1,200,000 0.8929 1,071,480 630,000 562,527 Year 2 1,290,000 0.7972 1,028,388 870,000 693,564 Year 3 1,320,000 0.7118 939,575 1,275,000 907,545 Year 4 1,230,000 0.6355 781,665 1,725,000 1,096,238 Year 5 615,000 0.5066 311,559 1,815,000 919,479 -817,333 -770,647 Here we must ask how can management decide which option or project is acceptable, judging by NPV decision which stated that If the NPV is positive the project should be accepted, if it is negative the project should be rejected If there are two (or more) competing projects/options that have positive NPVs, the project with higher (or highest) should be selected. In this case of Lagos Airport hotel non of the two option is Negative and it should be rejected unless management has other non financial benefits attached with options which may still at long run contribute to the actualisation of the hotels strategic goals. SECTION 6: COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS As usual for business environment in the hotel industry is a highly competitvive, and Lagos Hotels Limited found itself in a such competitive based marketing segment with more than 5000 operators in the market. Significantly the hotels has the followings 7 majors/ market leaders to complete with Sheraton Hotels Tower, Pretoria Hotels, Federal Palace Hotels, Lagos Hilton Hotel, Excellence Hotel, PVC Hotels and Reassurance Hotels The core keys advantages of competitors in Comparism with Lagos airport range from their location advantage(Most of them located in Victoria and ikoyi areas of Lagos that accommodation the major businesses in Nigeria) International Operations advantage, 21st century well designed architectural building , modern facilities luxury, Branding, high Price advantages, innovation program (Customer Loyalty Program) etc The major advantages of Lagos airport is strategic location in the ikeja but with old building structures Next to Lagos is Victoria Island, which takes while to get to, about 2hrs, this is because of the amount of traffic and chaos on the roads, also some of the roads are in a bit of a mess, pot holes that can swallow you without trace. Victoria island is modern, and the Hotel Eco is very good, but costs  £250 GBP per night note the Sheraton in Lagos is also modern and costs  £300-350 per night, bottled water in the Eco was  £4, but if you are spending  £250 a night who cares, you must keep drinking water in this heat. These hotels do cost more than a London Hotel, but then there is no where else decent apart from Lagos Airport Hotel. Note the Airport Hotel was  £100 per night, I booked at the desk where ther is a written price sheet on the wall, you will have to put down a security deposit but you do get this back at the end of your stay. SECTION 7: BALANCED SCORECARD APPLICATION OF BALANCED SCORED CARD FRAMEWORK (A CASE STUDY OF LAGOS AIRPORT HOTEL) Balanced scorecard as the name suggested offers a more balanced view of a firms or of a managers performance by intergrating both financial and non financial information in a coherent fashion .This overcomes one of the obvious defects of traditional performance measurement systems which places undue emphasis on historical financial information. For long term effective and efficient performance, especially in hotel enterprise, the information related to service quality, introduction of new products, service, additional supply, entrance on new market, the competitor performance and human capital relation management is vital. Goardana Mateja also empaciated the need for balanced score card application in hotel indsutry The hotels operations are oriented towards people and to that end their financial performance depends on the behaviour and manners of hotels employees, the development of new products and service and as the most important , guest satisfaction In Lagos airport hotel use it to implement strategies of a change/ restructing in management programme undergo in 2009 Apart from using it to create a link between the performance measurement indicators and hotel strategies, Management use it to communicate strategy to both managers and staff. At operational level the Balance scored card are use to align employess efforts with those reuired for successful strategic implementation However, successful implementation of a balanced scorecard is not a trivial matters especially for hotels like Lagos Airport Hotels that is Government owned which make some top management appointment political in nature. Apart from this balanced scored concept is simple but it implementation is found to be time consuming and costly task especially to hotel like Lagos Airport with weak financial resources and manpower to support the practice of this new management concept in the longrun. Table: Lagos Airport Hotel Balanced scorecard Hotel Management Balanced Scorecard Managing the day to day activities of a hotel can be facilitated with the help of KPIs. KPIs, on a BSC are the means to attain the end of Measuring Performance. Such tool can be used when umpteen external and internal forces have a bearing on the organi Perspective Performance Financial Perspective 53.63% Customer Perspective 65.56% Efficiency 29.67% Staff perspective 65.78% Total Performance 54.85% Scorecard includes 4 categories, 17 indicators Strategy tree and scorecard details : Perspective Goal Weight (x of 10) Description Performance (%) Measure unit Target Values Financial Perspective 3 53.63% Wage Costs as a % of total sales 3 It refers to wage cost as a % of total sales of the hotel. 40% % 0% Annual operating profit per room 3 It refers to annual operating profit per room available in the hotel. 10000 $ 25000 Food cost as a % of food sales 2 40% % 0% % increase in labor costs 2 20% % 0% Total Performance in group Financial Perspective 53.63% Customer Perspective 3 65.56% Number of positive feedbacks 3 It refers to number of positive feedbacks received from the customers (on a scale of 1 to 10). 9 Score 10 Number of complaints received 2 It refers to number of complaints received from the customers regarding the services provided by hotel (on a scale of 1 to 10). 3 Score 10 Response rate 3 Metric is not available in trial version 1 minutes 1 Frequent customers as a % of total customers 2 Metric is not available in trial version 30% % 100% Total Performance in group Customer Perspective 65.56% Efficiency 2 29.67% % of room booked through reservation channels 2 It refers to % of room booked through reservation channels maintained by the hotel. 25% % 100% Internet bookings 2 indicates the % of bookings received through internet services. 30% % 100% Room occupancy 2 Metric is not available in trial version 60% % 100% Rate of sales inquiry conversion 2 Metric is not available in trial version 30% % 60% Average length of stay 2 Metric is not available in trial version 2 days 4 Total Performance in group Efficiency 29.67% Staff perspective 2 65.78% Staff turn

Hip Hop Article Summaries Essay

Article 1 Talking about Afro-American teens in 2005 Bert Staples described how he felt that Hip Hop had lost its way and betrayed its many fans. He feels that, although it started out with a number of different themes, it   now only perpetuates the myth that achievement only belongs to white people and negative things such as violence belong only in black culture. He describes how the music was used to insult rivals and provoke gang war fare that ended in fatalities in the 1990’s. There are record companies, he claims, who promote violence in order to sell records. He gives the example of 50 Cents, otherwise Curtis Jackson, whose records are insulting and promote violence. Staples   says that newer artists are more likely to adopt similar methods just to get noticed.   He speaks about the music industry’s greed and lack of any self control which has led to the present situation, one in which the general public has decided that Hip Hop is no longer acceptable and so are stopping buying discs or going to gigs. Hip Hop – so violent that it has shot itself in the foot. Article 2   Hip Hop and Youth Culture The writer describes Hip Hops an ‘emerging cultural phenomenon’ now representing millions of dollars and which is intertwined with young people’s lives. It came about, like many other trends have done in the past , because the people   concerned   found they were unable to gain any acceptance in the entertainment   industry through the standard channels. Adults refused to accept Hip Hop as legitimate music. This rejection made it all the more attractive to the young, black and white, both in rebellion against the mainstream. They found it was easy to participate in – you don’t need to be a musician or have a good singing voice to rap. In contrast to the first article this writer says there are many themes, all of which play out with dominant percussion. There is little reliance on traditional Western music types. It is way of expressing pride in one’s community, but this has led to gang warfare.. Part of the attraction is the ease in which the message can be delivered. It can be an honest expression of feelings   – it can also be insulting – both are part of Hip Hop. It was only when it became violent that the music industry became interested – they could count the dollars.

The Princely Powers of the Duchess of Malfi - 849 Words

The Tragedy of the Dutchesse of Malfy, originally published under this name in 1623, is a Jacobean drama written by John Webster in 1612-13. The play starts off as a love story with the Duchess secretly marrying the steward of the household Antonio; a man beneath her class who she has fallen in love with. This marriage immediately shows the Duchess’ â€Å"princely powers† by defying the wishes of her brothers, Ferdinand and the Cardinal, to not marry again after being widowed. Webster portrays her brother Ferdinand’s power as a corrupted duplicate of an ideal. An ideal that the Duchess reaches through the drag of patriarchy. However the play ends as a tragedy with the deaths of almost all the major characters in the play. The Duchess of Malfi contains a lot of stage violence and horror especially in the later scenes which attracted many visitors. However this is not the reason Webster’s play is a great English renaissance drama. The poetic langu age usage by Webster and the complex characters should ultimately receive the credits. The focus in this paper will be on the complexity of the Duchess’ character and especially on her comment in Act III, scene 2: â€Å"For know, whether I am doomed to live or die, I can do both like a prince.† (Webster 1603). Furthermore the exploration of the theme of entrapment which plays a predominant role throughout the play, with the Duchess being caged up like a bird and a prisoner in her own body. â€Å"Why should only I, of all the other princesShow MoreRelatedThe princely powers of the Duchess of Malfi1040 Words   |  4 PagesJacobean drama written by John Webster in 1612-13. The play starts off as a love story with the Duchess secretly marrying the steward of the household Antonio; a man beneath her class who she has fallen in love with. This marriage immediately shows the Duchess’ â€Å"princely powers† by defying the wishes of her brothers, Ferdinand and the Cardinal, to not marry again after being widowed. â€Å"The Duchess of Malfi is ostensibly a story of resistance of a wilful widow who actively defies her brothers’ wishesRead MoreThe Duchess of Malfi1313 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿The princely powers of the Duchess of Malfi The Tragedy of the Dutchesse of Malfy, originally published under this name in 1623, is a Jacobean drama written by John Webster in 1612-13. The play starts off as a love story with the Duchess secretly marrying the steward of the household Antonio; a man beneath her class who she has fallen in love with. This marriage immediately shows the Duchess’ â€Å"princely powers† by defying the wishes of her brothers, Ferdinand and the Cardinal, to not marry againRead MoreDuchess Of Malf Open Learn10864 Words   |  44 Pagesï » ¿John Webster, The Duchess of Malfi Introduction 3 Learning outcomes 3 Background 3 Description 4 Act 1: setting the scene 5 Courts ideal and real 5 Discussion 5 Description 8 Bosola the malcontent 8 Discussion 9 Marriage for love: family opposition 10 Discussion 10 Love and marriage: Antonio the steward 13 Discussion 14 Love and marriage: the Duchess 15 Description 16 Description 17 Discussion 19 Act 2: discovery 21 Ferdinand 21 Discussion 22 Conclusion 24 References 24 Further reading 25 Next

Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. I Have A Dream Speech...

On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his â€Å"I have a dream† speech on the steps of the Lincoln Monument in Washington D.C. King’s speech was addressing racial inequality in the United States, specifically ending segregation in schools and creating equal opportunity in the workforce for people of color. His leadership and advocacy lead to the creation of Affirmative Action legislation that gives favor to people who tend to fall victim to discrimination when it comes to education and employment opportunities. Affirmative Action policies first arrived in the United States in the 1940s due to debates from the Civil Rights Movement that prompted an executive order requiring non-discrimination policies in the federal workplace. Following this executive order, many non-discrimination policies were put in place at a national level requiring all employers to, â€Å"lift the restrictions† as Appiah put it in his essay. The work Appiah speaks about in his essay is directly related to Affirmative Action because these laws are in place to not only protect minorities against discrimination, but to also punish those companies, schools etc. who do not encourage diversity and provide equal opportunity to everyone. The fact that employers and school districts can be punished for not encouraging diversity would leave Appiah in awe, because not only is the action put in place to change the norms of American society, it is such a strong force toward ending discrimination it punishesShow MoreRelatedAl ice Malsenior6001 Words   |  25 Pageslater writing. In 1963, Walker left Spelman for Sarah Lawrence College, a place housing only a handful of African American people, most of them men. This was Walker’s predecessor to participating in many civil rights demonstrations and meeting Martin Luther King at his home in recognition of her invitation to the Youth World Peace Festival in Finland (Bates, Alice Walker: A Critical Companion). 1964 was the turning point for Alice Walker. Realising that she was pregnant she contemplated suicide and